Confusable words

lay vs lie: what's the difference?

lay
verb (transitive)
vs
lie
verb (intransitive)
? ?

Lay and lie follow the exact same pattern as raise and rise, and the past tense makes it even trickier since "lay" is also the past tense of "lie."

Lay

verb (transitive)

Lay is transitive, you lay something down. Its past tense is laid.

  • Please lay the papers on my desk.
  • She laid the baby down gently.

Lie

verb (intransitive)

Lie is intransitive, meaning to rest in a flat position. Its past tense is lay, which is where the confusion multiplies.

  • I need to lie down for a while.
  • He lay on the couch all afternoon.

Side by side

lay lie
Needs an object? Yes, you lay something down No, you simply lie down
Past tense laid lay
Simple test "I laid the book down," book is the object "I lay down for a nap," no object

Quick rule

Lay needs an object, something you're putting down. Lie needs no object, just resting. And yes, the past tense of lie is confusingly lay.

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